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2021 Highlights: AutoPot Watering Systems

It’s been a great year for cultivators growing in AutoPot Watering Systems! Not only have our partners at AutoPot revolutionized the way we garden, but over the past year, folks around the world have enjoyed amazing yields with AutoPot’s line of incredible products. Read the passages below to learn more about the long list of award-winning, boundary-breaking growers using AutoPot’s line of hydroponic products.

AutoPot’s 2021 Highlights

Galenas’ Environmentally Conscious Cultivation Facility 

February 11th, 2021 

The team at AutoPot was lucky enough to gain special insight into the environmentally conscious cultivation practices at Galenas, a licensed producer of cannabis in Akron, Ohio. The director of cultivation, Christine DeJesus, has turned Galenas’11,000 square ft facility into a mecca of efficiency. By ushering in sources of clean, green-focused technology and gardening practices, Galenas is able to produce some of the midwest’s most desirable without overextending its ecological footprint. But even more impressive is the holistic philosophy maintained throughout the entire facility – Galenas oozes sustainability. For example, DeJesus champions renewable practices and technologies like high-performance LEDs, yucca-enriched living soil, multi-tier vertical gardening, and of course, AutoPot Watering Systems. 

With over 2,200 AutoPot XL modules running 24/7, Galenas’ operating floor is filled wall-to-wall (and floor to ceiling) with lush, green canopies. These systems are controlled by individual modules called AquaValves. When the module trays of the system dry up, more water is released into the tray via the AquaValves. Not only are these systems completely self-sufficient, but they’re also aligned with Galenas’ unique ecological philosophy. AutoPot systems are gravity fed, so no electricity is spent on the crops daily feeding. Also, because of the smart configuration of all AutoPot Watering Systems, no water or liquid fertilizer is ever wasted.

AutoPot’s AquaValve5 Release 

May 12th, 2021 

Canadian growers were introduced to yet another innovative piece of the AutoPot product line: the AquaValve5. The AquaValve5 is a float valve that regulates the passive flow of water into the saucers of the AutoPot self-irrigation system. However, unlike the original float-valve, the AquaValve5 has an increased inlet size of almost 66% compared to the classic device. This change allows gardeners to use a wider variety of organic and mineral-based nutrient systems. Other expected benefits of the new design include faster flow rates, increased reliability, and protection against sediment blockages and build-up.

The most distinguishing feature of the AquaValve5 is its size. With a 5mm internal diameter inlet, and options for either 9mm or 16mm mainline hose, the AquaValve5 makes easy work of organic and mineral fertilizers. The new and improved AquaValve is also fully compatible with all AutoPot systems and now comes standard with 1Pot, XL, XL FlexiPot, and easy2grow systems.

The “Fig Easy” Experiment 

August 21st, 2021

The AutoPot R&D facility has long been a place for wonder and amazement. Never before have growers pushed back against mother nature’s cruel grasp with such virility. In the summer of 2021, the folks at AutoPot took innovation a step further when they successfully produced a fruiting brown-turkey fig tree. Grown in a 25L/6.6G AutoPot XL module with a blend of organic soil and coco coir, the indoor fig tree towered over the rest of the garden like a lord among serfs, bashfully displaying an abundance of soon-to-be-plucked fruit. 

This hydroponic system is what the development team at AutoPot called “plant controlled”. The plant is set in a light and airy mix of coco coir and peat, lines are connected to a ready supply of water, and the AquaValve module facilitates the simple transfer of liquid feed to the tray whenever the fig tree signals a lack of moisture.

Medallion Man Medwyn Takes Gold at RHS Chelsea with AutoPot Crop 

October 6th, 2021

This man’s fruit and vegetable crop makes your grandma’s garden look like a derelict patch of overgrown weeds. Meet Medwyn Williams, the king of giant vegetables; and now, 13 time champion at the RHS Chelsea competition. Friend of dukes and dutchesses across Great Britain, the Williams family has been renowned for their ability to cultivate a wide variety of fruits and vegetables for generations. The RHS competition in Chelsea was nothing less than a knockout for the Willams family: tomato towers, celery plumes, spitting tongues of chilli fire, sprout spheres, intricate onions, carrot volleys, mounted cauliflowers, and sculpted pumpkins littered Medwyn’s exhibition stage without remorse. It wasn’t the first time Medwyn came to Chelsea and left with gold, and hopefully, it won’t be the last. 

Among the bouquet of vegetables at Chelsea were some fine examples of gigantic produce cultivated with AutoPot’s hydroponic systems. To see onions, cucumbers, and chillies raised in 1Pot XL and easy2grow modules winning RHS Gold must’ve been quite a thrill for our partners across the pond. 

AutoPot’s Grommeted Module Tray 

November 18th, 2021

At the end of 2021, AutoPot announced its latest innovation – the grommeted module tray. AutoPot has redesigned all module trays to include a grommeted pipe to AquaValve connection. The new grommeted module trays feature a clean and super-secure solution to pipe routing. Unlike the older V-Cut module tray, a grommeted module tray uses a top hat grommet to connect and route pipe from the reservoir to the AquaValve. No grommet is needed with a V-Cut tray, as the AutoPot pipe is routed through a notch in the module. However, a top hot grommet is used in the updated system to create a water-tight seal. This system update evidently leads to a more secure seal that helps protect against overspill, leaks, and system complications.

There are no changes to AutoPot’s existing pipe, fittings, or AquaValves. This means that any equipment you currently have will fit the new grommeted module tray. Growers can simply purchase grommets at no extra cost to update existing systems. Only the AutoPot 1Pot, 1Pot XL, and the XL FlexiPot systems will include the new grommeted module tray. 

We couldn’t be happier to participate in the success growers are experiencing with AutoPot’s watering systems! For questions, purchasing, or for more information on AutoPot’s Watering Systems, contact one of our GreenPlanet sales representatives directly. 

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Hand-Trimming vs. Machine-Trimming: Pros and Cons

There seems to be a clear divide in the industry between those who hand-trim cannabis, and those who opt for trimming machines. Hand-trimmers argue that the process of carefully handling each flower leads to a superior shape, texture, and overall appeal, saying that trimming cannabis with machines can knock off trichomes and bruise delicate buds. Those who use machines, however, argue from the opposite perspective, stating that trimming technology has progressed to a point where machine trimmed flower is indistinguishable from that of hand-processed cannabis. 

So, who wins the debate? Unfortunately, there is no clear answer. Because every garden is different, both hand-trimmed and machine processed cannabis can benefit growers on a case-by-case basis. Want to learn more about the different ways to process your crop? Read the following passages for information on the pros and cons of hand and machine trimmed cannabis: 

The Pros and Cons of Hand-Trimming Cannabis

It’s true – trimming cannabis is one of the most monotonous jobs in the garden. So, why would anyone want to spend more time trimming their crop by hand? Simply put, hand-trimming is unique in the same way that handmade fabrics are unique: each flower or section of flower gets the same attention during this process, giving hand-trimmed cannabis incomparable features, shapes, and appeal. However, trimming by hand can be expensive, tiresome, and time-consuming, making it a luxury that some larger facilities cannot afford. If you’re unsure if hand-trimming your crop is right for you, read the following passages to learn more: 

Hand-trimmed cannabis produces incomparable features, shapes, and appeal

The Pros of Hand-Trimming

A Precise Trim

Because of the attention to detail during this process, hand-trimmed cannabis can be uniquely shaped, giving every strain an ideal and precise cut. All strains have different flowering characteristics. Some strains grow massive, doughy flowers, while others bloom small but densely packed buds. Knowing this, well-trained hand-trimmers can adjust their trimming style based on the desired look and feel of the crop. So, by hand-trimming cannabis, every single flower is processed with the same care, preciseness and attention to detail – no matter the strain. 

Using a pair of high-quality shears can help alleviate the fatigue associated with hand-trimming. Spring-loaded shears, such as the Curved and Straight Blade Trimming Shears from TNB Naturals reduce hand stress and allow growers to hand trim over a long session.

Quality Control

Not only does hand-trimmed cannabis deliver a superior and individual cut, but each flower during the hand-trimming process goes through an individual quality control inspection. Your crop might look incredible, however, pests, diseases, or seeds may have unknowingly infiltrated your garden. So, it’s highly important to set up multiple quality assurance checkpoints during the harvesting process. Because hand-trimmers have the best view of flowers passing from plants to the drying room, they can act as another level of quality control, making sure that freshly trimmed flowers are free of moulds, mildews, seeds, and pests. 

The Cons of Hand-Trimming

Organizing Trimming Crews

Organizing a highly-trained trimming crew is a challenging task. Especially for operations that require a large team, the availability of highly skilled workers is entirely dependent on market demands, supply, dependability, and profit. For example, the costs associated with paying a trimming crew can drastically decrease the profit margin of a crop – and the more skilled these workers are, the more likely they are to be expensive. Also, it’s a possibility that trimming crews will need to be equipped with scissors, trays, sanitizing material, gloves, and other protective gear during this process, all of which come at an extra cost.

Click here to view the harvesting and protective equipment available at GreenPlanet Wholesale. 

(Rosenthal, Hand-trimming Vs Machine-Trimming, @edrosenthal)

Harvesting Fatigue

Because trimming by hand is such a long-lasting, and delicate process, it’s easy for trimmers to become fatigued with the overwhelming amount of work. Anyone who’s worked as a trimmer knows the feeling when the steady clash of scissors drifts away and the drained faces of exhausted workers litter the grow room. However, there are many ways to combat the inevitable fatigue of trimming. For example, by providing your team with quality tools like fresh scissors, cleaning equipment, and posture-enhancing trays, the exhausting task of hand-trimming cannabis can be finished faster, with the same level of quality. 

Using a Trim Bin will turn any chair into a comfortable workstation. The Trim Bin’s design reduces back, shoulder and wrist fatigue over those long trimming sessions.

The Pros and Cons of Machine-Trimming Cannabis

Large-scale operators have championed machine-trimming because the method is highly effective and fast. In fact, the latest trimming technology is so effective that the level of quality is almost indistinguishable from that of hand-trimmed flower. It’s clear that automated technology has improved how our industry operates; however, automated trimming machines are not a necessary purchase for everyone. The upfront costs are expensive, and if the purchase does not pay for itself quickly, automating the trimming process can be a massive waste of resources. With this in mind, let’s look at some of the pros and cons of machine-trimming cannabis:

The Pros  of Machine-Trimming

Fast and Effective 

It’s an understatement to say machine trimmers are fast. The CenturionPro Original Trimmer, for example, replaces 60 hand-trimming workers and allows operators to feed 75 pounds of wet cannabis through its tumbler per hour. This means that two operators and a trimming machine can harvest a large room in hours, instead of days, saving growers time, money, and labour costs. CenturionPro also carries de-stemming solutions, allowing growers to strategically streamline the entire harvesting process. So, if you operate a multi-light garden, investing in an automated trimmer will likely be one of the best decisions you’ll make.

Wet and Dry Trimming Capabilities

Modern trimmers can process both wet and dry cannabis. There has always been a debate surrounding the superiority of either wet or dry trimmed cannabis. However, with CenturionPro’s trimming solutions, growers no longer need to side with one specific method. Even CentrionPro’s smallest trimmer, the CenturionPro TableTop, can trim wet and dry cannabis at an amazing rate. For instance, growers purchasing a tabletop trimming can expect to replace up to 16 human trimmers while processing a maximum of 20lbs of wet cannabis (4lbs of dry) per hour of use. 

Click Here to watch TableTop Trimmer Running Dry Product
(CenturionPro, TableTop Trimmer Running Dry Product, Youtube.com)

The Cons of Machine-Trimming

Large Upfront Costs

If automated trimmers were cheap, every facility would have purchased one. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The largest downside of owning a high-end automated trimmer is the purchasing cost. However, the difference between a smart investment and a frivolous one, is how fast a purchase pays for itself. If you’re interested in purchasing a trimmer, but don’t know if it’s the right business move for your operation, calculate your number of harvests per year, matched with the costs associated with hand-trimming each harvest. If the upfront cost of purchasing a trimmer comes below the annual cost of hiring a trimmer crew, it’s probably worth investing in some sort of automated trimming technology. 

Trimmer Maintenance

Like all machines, trimmers need to be consistently cleaned and maintained. If these machines are cleaned after every use, they can last a lifetime. So, soak and pressure wash your machine after every harvest to ensure your next crop is processed as efficiently as possible. Also, some parts will need to be replaced annually. The brushes on most CenturionPro trimmers, for instance, will need to be replaced once a year depending on the frequency of use. However, if you’re trimming your crop dry, the blade, brush, and tumbler will not become as dirty as they would during a wet trim. In short, keep a steady cleaning schedule in mind while processing cannabis through a machine, and regularly replace any parts and pieces that appear damaged or worn. 

Conclusion: Hand-Trimming vs Machine-Trimming

Now that you know about some of the pros and cons of processing cannabis either by hand or with machines, which method is superior? Since facilities range in size, production capabilities and quality, harvesting requirements also vary from operation to operation. So, if you’ve done your research, and considered the pros and cons of processing cannabis on both sides of the debate, make an educated decision based on the desired outcome of your operation. For example, if your facility’s goal is to produce the highest quality cannabis on the market, hand-trimming your crop might be the most suitable option. 

Happy harvesting! For more information about the products and services available at GreenPlanet Wholesale, contact your GreenPlanet sales representative, or your local garden supply store. 

Works Cited

  • CenturionPro. (2020). TableTop trimmer running dry product – raw unedited video – gimbal shoot. Retrieved May 28th, 2021 from Youtube.com
  • Rosenthal, E. (2018). Hand-trimming vs machine-trimming. Retrieved May 28th, 2021 from @edrosenthal

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Mushroom Cultivation 101

With the help of Sporeo Supply, mushroom cultivation has officially become easier. Sporeo provides two products to help mushroom growers with the challenging task of cultivation: sterilized grain and substrate. Their sterilized grain is used in the early stages of inoculation. Once the cultures have consolidated into a uniform brick of mycelium, growers can mix the sterilized grain with Sporeo’s field-ready substrate. Whether you’re a new or seasoned mushroom cultivator, Sporeo products can drastically improve the output of your garden. To learn more about using Sporeo supply’s line of mushroom cultivation products, read the passages below for tips and step-by-step instructions. 

Mushroom Cultivation 101

Below are the steps needed to complete your mushroom growing endeavours

  1. Sterilize Equipment and Workspace
  2. Inoculate Grain Bag with Mushroom Cultures
  3. Mix Inoculated Grain with Sterilized Substrate
  4. The Fruiting Stage
  5. Harvest Your Mushroom

5 Steps to Mushroom Cultivation

Sporeo Grain Spawn 

Made with 100% Canadian Rye Berry Grain 

Sporeo’s Grain Spawn bags are fully sterilized, sealed, and lab-tested mushroom grain made from 100% organic rye berries. The sterilized grain comes sealed in a filter patch bag designed solely for the incubation process. Here are some of the other unique features of Sporeo’s Grain Spawn bags: 

  • Free from additives & chemicals
  • Free of contaminants
  • Ready to inoculate
  • Robust mycelium
  • Massive yields + quick colonization

Sporeo Substrate 

Cow Manure Base, Blended with Coco Coir, Perlite, and Vermiculite 

This sterilized, field-ready substrate is designed to be mixed with a fully consolidated grain bag after the incubation period. Blended with cow manure, coco coir, perlite, and vermiculite, Sporeo’s substrate is shelf-stable, ready-to-use, and fully sterilized. Also, Sporeo’s unique manufacturing process leaves its substrate with the perfect amount of field-ready moisture. Here are some other features of Sporeo’s Substrate bag: 

  • Free from additives & chemicals
  • Pre-saturated
  • Fully sterile 
  • Unique blend of ingredients
  • Time and labor-saving 

The Sporeo product line is now available at GreenPlanet Wholesale! Sporeo’s rigorous standards and quality assurance measures make their line of products revolutionary in the mushroom cultivation industry. For questions, purchasing inquiries, or for more information about Sporeo’s line of mushroom cultivation equipment, contact Sporeo directly, or reach out to one of our GreenPlanet sales representatives. 

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5 Tips on Drying and Curing Cannabis

The process of properly drying and curing cannabis presents growers with a variety of new challenges. Similar to ageing fine wine or spirits, the drying and curing process has the potential to express some of the best flavours and aromas cannabis has to offer. However, if procedures are rushed, even the most potent flowers can end up overdried, stale and tasteless. To combat this tragedy, factors like environmental controls, procedures, tips and tools all play an essential role in producing flowers that stimulate and excite the senses. For the best outcome during this important stage, follow the article below for tips every grower should know when drying and curing cannabis: 

What’s the Difference Between Drying and Curing? 

Drying is simply the process of removing excess moisture from cannabis flowers so they can be ignited, vaporized or otherwise consumed easily. Curing, on the other hand, is a procedure of long-term storage that helps flavours and terpenes reach their full potential. Curing time varies from grower to grower, and can last anywhere from weeks to months depending on the desired outcome. In ideal circumstances, properly drying and curing cannabis can elevate the outcome of a harvest, leading to tighter flowers and more intense flavours and aromas. In short, it’s in the grower’s best interest to use available tools and procedures to get the most out of the drying and curing stages of cultivation.

Want to learn more about terpenes? Read our blog: Terpenes, Genetics and the Entourage Effect

5 Tips on Drying and Curing Cannabis 

1. Temperature and Humidity Requirements 

Whether you’re drying your crop on or off the stalk, cannabis has the best opportunity to develop intense and interesting flavours and aromas at temperatures between 65-70 Fahrenheit (18-21C) and constant humidity percentages of 45-55 percent. If you’re “hang-drying” your crop, test the flexibility of the stalk and branches after 10-14 days. At these levels, the thinnest branches will break instead of bend; flowers can then be stripped off branches and transferred to long-term storage or curing containers. Follow the same process for cannabis drying off the stalk on trays, screens or racks.

Flowers drying above or below these requirements can either dry too fast and fail to develop a unique aroma or dry too slow and be at risk for mould and mildew contamination. So, for the best chance at maintaining a consistent environment, attempt to stabilize your drying room with temperature controls like air movement, ventilation and air conditioning. At scale, and depending on your geographical location, (de)humidification may also be essential. For a complete catalogue of dehumidifies available at GreenPlanet Wholesale click here

2. Odour Control

Cannabis is at its most pungent when drying. If you’re concerned about the odour produced by drying and curing cannabis, consider setting up odour-controlling equipment both inside and outside of your drying room. Charcoal filtration systems, for instance, have quickly become a favourite piece of equipment chosen to manage odour. Just mount your chosen charcoal filter onto your exhaust fan, or set up a small “scrubbing” charcoal/fan system in the corner of your room. Filteration systems are designed to pull air from your room into your charcoal filter. However, before this odour-filled air has a chance to leave your drying space, it will first become trapped in the porous, odour-absorbing crevices of the carbon filter. 

Ona blocks, liquids, or gels can also be set up outside of the drying room to catch any odour that may escape. Ona neutralizes odours naturally; so, instead of smelling drying cannabis, guests walking past the drying space will smell fresh laundry, or apple crumble.

 3. Dry and Cure in Complete Darkness 

Drying and curing in complete darkness is an industry-standard. Not only will a light source release heat, something that can be detrimental to a drying harvest, but it can also emit small/large amounts of photosynthetic radiation (PAR). At high levels over long periods of time, PAR produced by a light source has the potential to damage the delicate trichomes of drying flowers. And so, while it is a good idea to continually monitor your crop, keeping your room in complete darkness over the drying period will ensure that the outcome of your garden remains desirable. 

Drying and curing in complete darkness is an industry-standard

4. Cure Your Crop Low and Slow 

Don’t rush the curing process! Instead, treat your crop like an ageing barrel of fine wine; you’ll be amazed at the subtle aromas and flavours that develop over a two-week period. To make sure you’re getting the most out of this stage, invest in an air-tight container and closely monitor your flowers. An oxygenation process called “burping” may also be useful during this stage. To fight the build-up of excess humidity, open your container and add fresh air to your curing jars by fluffing or “burping” the flowers inside. However, if you do notice condensation forming on the bottom or sides of your container, curing jars can be cleaned and emptied on a daily basis to avoid the build-up of excess humidity.

5. Long-Term Storage and Humidity Control

If desired, the curing process can continue for several months. So, to maintain flowers with an ideal smoking humidity, attempt to keep your cannabis in dark, air-tight storage containers. Just as high-quality cigars should be kept in a humidor, cannabis kept in a slightly humid environment will elicit its most desirable tastes, aromas, and sensations. So, before consuming your successfully dried and cured flower, attempt to stabilize your cannabis at a humidity level between 50-60%. 

Fuego, The Alaskan Landmine, Westword.com

Happy harvesting! Whatever your future plans are in the garden, the team at GreenPlanet Wholesale is here to help! For more information about the products mentioned above, please contact GreenPlanet Wholesale directly. For all other inquiries about products and services offered by GreenPlanet Wholesale, contact our team or your local garden supply store for more information. 

Work Cited

  • Fuego, H. (2020) Ask a stoner: How to safely humidify dry weed. Retrieved May 12th, 2021 from Westword.com

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Products that Enhance Flowers During the Late-Stage and Flushing Period

Here’s a common question: how can I get the most out of my crop? The answer, however, isn’t so simple. To get the highest quality outcome, growers need to have an array of variables under control. Clearly, to obtain high yields while maintaining quality, genetic characteristics are by far the most important factor to consider. Environmental controls, growing systems, skills and preferences are also high on the list in a well-functioning garden. 

Once these controls are managed, only then should growers begin to experiment with a wide variety of nutrient supplements and fertilizers. While not as crucial as genetic quality, plant food does play an immensely important role in producing valuable and consistent crops. Throughout all stages of plant growth, crops need adequate and stable nutrition to reach their full potential. However, even the most experienced growers often overlook additives and supplements specifically formulated for amplifying late-stage and flushing flowers. Want to get the most out of your crop? Read the following passages on products that enhance late-stage and flushing flowers. 

The Late-Stage Flower and Flushing Period 

Depending on your strain, the “late-stage” and “flushing” periods of growth can be defined as anywhere from 2-3 weeks before harvest. In late-stage flower, around the 5th or 6th week of the flower cycle, nitrogen content has been significantly reduced from the feeding schedule, plants will have begun to exhibit their final shape and size, and the terpene profile, scents, aromas and flavours that are developed during the flowering period, will begin to drastically increase. The flushing period, however, as the name suggests, is responsible for flushing the plant’s system of any unwanted and hard to dissolve salts and usually spans the last 10-14 days before harvest. While the goal of these periods remains different, the ultimate objective of both the late-flowering and flushing period is to enhance the natural characteristics of your crop. 

Sourced from www.royalqueenseeds.com, Here is a cannabis plant in week 6 of flower, just before flushing.

Let’s look at some of the products that can exaggerate a crop’s size, terpene profile and trichome density in the final stages of flower. 

GreenPlanet Nutrients

Rezin

Bring fire to your crop with GreenPlanet’s trichome, flavour and aroma enhancer. Formulated with trace amounts of molybdenum and vitamin B1, Rezin can be used in both the flowering and flushing periods of growth to boost essential oil, trichome and resin content. Rezin contains no plant growth regulators (PGR’s), artificial colouring or dyes. And, since it contains only trace amounts of minerals, Rezin will not impact the EC/PPM of your nutrient solution, meaning it can be used right up until harvest.

Liquid Weight 

Plants use an amazing amount of energy converting fertilizer into energy. They also rely on microbes, or beneficial bacteria to speed up the processes of elemental conversion. These bacteria feed on an array of sugary, carbohydrates to maintain colonies of microbes in all stages of plant growth. For a consistent supply of carbohydrates, try GreenPlanet’s Liquid Weight. Designed specifically as a microbe food, Liquid Weight contains carbs from three natural sources of sugar: molasses, agave and cane sugar. And, being that Liquid Weight contains no sources of chemical salts, it can be used to reinvigorate microbes until the final days before harvest. 

General Hydroponics 

Flora Kleen  

Need to speed up the flushing process? No problem. Growers use General Hydroponics’ Flora Kleen to remove fertilizer residue that can accumulate in hydroponic systems, growing media and potting soils over time. Perfect as a monthly maintenance supplement for hydroponic systems, Flora Kleen releases the nutrient bond between plant and system, making it the ideal maintenance additive during the flushing process. So, if you find yourself having to harvest a few days ahead of schedule, rely on Flora Kleen to flush your plant of any harsh and hard to dissolve salts.

Flora Nectar Fruit-N-Fusion 

Growing plants, especially during flower, rapidly convert sunlight, water and minerals into sugars. General Hydroponics Flora Nectar Fruit-n-Fusion has been formulated with a combination of minerals, natural sugars and flavour enhancers to encourage the greatest transference of sweetness and aroma into your fruits and flowers. The unique elemental combination of Flora Nectar allows your plants to achieve a balance between respiration and photosynthesis in high-intensity growing environments where the rate of respiration can sometimes exceed the rate of photosynthesis. To help your plants reach their highest potential during late-stage flower, consider pumping them full of General Hydroponics’ Flora Nectar.

Botanicare 

Sweet  

Coming in multiple scents, including citrus, raw, berry and grape, Botanicare’s Sweet formula contains a unique combination of all-natural minerals, vital compounds and essential elements directly involved in plant photosynthesis and respiration. Use any Sweet additive during the late-stage and flushing period to assist your crop in producing profound flavours and aromas. Or, prime your plants with Sweet during the transition stage of growth to ease the stress caused by photoperiod change. 

Fish Head Farms 

Fish Sh!t Organic Soil Conditioner 

Fish Sh!t helps release essential oils and terpenes which contribute to the building of a myriad of flavonoids. Flavonoids play a key role in the development of the most potent aromas and tasteful flavours of a plant and its fruit. Fish Sh!t is hyper-concentrated and can be used throughout all stages of the plant life cycle, even helping to break down heavy salts left by synthetic fertilizers in the weeks before harvest. Use Fish Sh!t to increase yield, flavour and cannabinoid content during the later stages and flushing periods of flower.

Want to get the most out of your garden? Try one or more of the products listed above. For more information on the late-stage and flushing fertilizers mentioned in this article, contact your GreenPlanet representative directly, or your local garden supply store. 

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Harvest Equipment Available at GreenPlanet Wholesale

A heavy harvest can be a time for celebration. But before the champagne and caviar, growers must navigate one of the most challenging stages of cultivation. Similar to bottling and ageing fine wine, the harvesting process has the potential to express some of the best flavours and aromas cannabis has to offer. However, if procedures are rushed, even the most potent flowers can end up overdried, stale and tasteless. To combat this tragedy, factors like environmental controls, procedures, tips, and tools all play an essential role in producing flowers that stimulate and excite the senses. Lucky for us, GreenPlanet Wholesale is stocked with harvest equipment to help protect and enhance your investment. From gloves to automated trimmers, let’s look at some of the best harvest equipment GreenPlanet Wholesale has to offer. 

Showa Gloves

As manufacturers of the industry’s best disposable gloves, Showa’s motto, “Always Innovating – Never Imitating”, is well-deserved. Showa’s 6110PF glove is 100% nitrile,  powder-free, and fitted with Eco Best Technology® – this feature enables the gloves to quickly biodegrade after being disposed.

But even better than this, the “second-skin” feel of Showa gloves allows growers to be better protected and more efficient while trimming. Perfect for any task in the garden, Showa provides the comfort, dexterity, and protection that growers deserve. 

CenturionPro’s Automated Trimmers

The benefits of hand-trimming a crop are clear. Although, for some licensed producers, the costs associated with a hand-trimmed harvest are not aligned with the business plan of their operation. This is why more producers than ever are moving towards automated trimmers. If you manage a large-scale operation, the costs of trimming a crop can be astronomical.

However, by investing in automated trimming technology, both labour costs and trimming time can be drastically reduced. For trusted trimming solutions, consider investing in CenturionPro Trimming Solutions. CenturionPro has a huge catalogue of trimming solutions available at GreenPlanet Wholesale. So, if you’re interested in increasing your operations ROI, contact a GreenPlanet sales representative to determine the best solution for your garden 

Harvest More’s Trim Bin

If you’re deciding to hand-trim your crop, there is no better way to increase productivity, fight fatigue and enhance quality than investing in a Harvest More Trim Bin. A Trim Bin is an ergonomic trimming station that turns any chair into a fully functional workstation. It comes in two halves; the top is a large, high-walled trimming station with an interchangeable 150-micron screen, while the bottom is a mirror finish kief collection tray.

Harvest More also includes a static sweeping brush with every Trim Bin to help collect all the kief that is lost during the trimming process. 

GeoPot’s Drying Racks

If you’ve wet trimmed your crop, you’ll need to dedicate a drying space for your flowers. Enter GeoPot’s Drying Racks – the most efficient way to vertically dry cannabis. GreenPlanet Wholesale stocks two of GeoPot’s most popular “Flower Tower” drying racks: the buckle-style and the zipper-style.

The Flower Tower buckle-style is an open rack that allows growers to access and distribute drying flowers on all sides, while the zipper-style rack is protected on all sides by perforated fabric, making it the perfect choice for tight spaces. All Flower Tower Dry Racks are equipped with a center strap to prevent bowing in the middle. And, both the buckle-style and zipper-style racks come with a carrying case for easy storage. 

TrolMaster’s Hydro-X Environmental Controller (HSC-1)

Just like the grow room, the drying room’s environment has to be consistently monitored and controlled. That’s why growers are using TrolMaster’s environmental controller (HSC-1) for complete, customizable control for every environmental aspect in the garden. TrolMaster has 12 modules available for the Hydro-X to control HVAC systems, mini-split AC’s, dehumidifiers, humidifiers, CO2, irrigation pumps, and lighting.

However, the most powerful feature of the HSC-1 is the device’s ability to monitor your garden in real-time. Just connect to TrolMaster’s smartphone app to access data and control your garden from a distance. So, with the help of TrolMaster’s digital app, growers can make sure the drying room is protected against real-time threats like temperature swings and access humidity.

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Increase Your ROI by Investing in Automated Garden Technology

Automation is the process of replacing human (or animal) power with machine power. Designed to increase the productivity, efficiency and profitability of manufacturing, automation has been widely adopted since the industrial revolution and has given rise to technologies that enhance transportation, communication and information systems. Even in our own industry, automated technology has had a major impact on how we tend the garden  – the thermostat, for instance, has quickly become an indispensable piece of the indoor garden. Without it, growers would have little control over day and night time temperature.

However, now that our industry has begun to radically progress, automation has moved beyond simple temperature control. In fact, all aspects of the garden have the potential for automation. Want to learn more about increasing your ROI in the garden? Let’s take a look at some of the industry’s most popular automation equipment. 

TrolMaster Environmental Control Systems

TrolMaster manufactures the industry’s best environmental control systems. The Hydro-X (HSC-1), for example, is a complete, professional-grade environmental system that allows growers to customize every environmental aspect of the garden. The Hydro-X can do it all – with over 12 modules available to control HVAC systems, mini-split AC’s, dehumidifiers, humidifiers, CO2, irrigation pumps and lighting, TrolMaster made sure that no part of the garden would be excluded from automation. However, the most powerful feature of the HSC-1 is the device’s ability to monitor your garden in real-time. Just connect to TrolMaster’s smartphone app to access data and control your garden from a distance. 

If you’re looking to bring your garden into the future, consider the TrolMaster Hydro-X Pro Control System (HCS-2). The Hydro-X Pro builds on all the great features found in the Hydro-X by introducing a 10″ touch screen and web-based software. Expand your automation by attaching up to 50 sensors and up to 50 separate control modules to a single Hydro-X Pro.

Justin meets the TrolMaster team at Lift Toronto to learn more about their control systems.

LightRail Light Movers

LightRails are light movers that increase light penetration by essentially doubling the coverage produced by a single fixture. Not only will using a LightRail decrease energy consumption and heat in the garden but there are also some major photosynthetic benefits. As the manufacturers of LightRail argue, moving your lights allows for more intense light coverage in low-light sections of the garden, reduces hot spots and helps more leaves absorb more light energy. LightRail has a wide range of products, including variable speed motors, rails, accessories and replacement repair kits. 

AutoPot Watering Systems

AutoPot Watering Systems combines the best of both hydroponic and traditional gardening techniques into a simple, easy to install, self-watering system. Many advantages, not to mention a reduced workload, come with automating your garden with an AutoPot watering system. As opposed to more traditional methods of gardening, there are amazing benefits to expect from switching to a small or large AutoPot system, including standardized self-watering technology, enhanced control and increased savings on water, liquid nutrients and electricity.  

Dosatron Dosing Technology

Dosatron water-powered, non-electric chemical injectors are the easiest, most reliable way to accurately inject chemicals into water lines. Dosing injectors work using volumetric proportioning, ensuring that the chemical mixture remains the same regardless of variations in pressure and flow. At scale, dosing technology is essential. Not only can growers expect to save time by avoiding mixing, measuring and buffering chemicals, but they can also anticipate cleaner, more consistent results. Plants love a consistent feeding schedule. That’s why large-scale operators have chosen to opt for automated garden technology that allows them to fully stabilize unique fertilizer recipes. 

CenturionPro Trimming Solutions

Growers have the most to gain by automating a harvest. While the benefits of hand-trimming cannabis are clear, it is an expensive and time-consuming task. That’s why more producers than ever are automating harvests with CenturionPro trimming solutions. Adopting automated solutions for automation’s sake, without first identifying how they improve operations, will result in expenses that fail to enhance your grow. However, strategically identifying where costs can be saved and implementing specialist solutions improves both quantity and quality. This enables growers to attract new cannabis audiences now, with the capacity and consistency to satisfy and retain these customers in the future. This is just one example of why large-scale operators have chosen to rely on CenturionPro for all their trimming needs.

Futurola KnockBox Rolling Machine 

Once your product is harvested, there is one automated device that will continue to add value to your crop – Futurola’s KnockBox. Having the ability to fill and pack 300 pre-rolled cones in 90 seconds, the Futurola KnockBox is the ideal solution for producers and distributors looking to standardize a value-added product. With customizable add-ons like filling kits and variable cone sizes, Futurola promises a completely consistent and standardized dutch cone – every single time. 

From lighting systems to harvesting equipment, GreenPlanet Wholesale has automated garden technology that will help increase the productivity and profitability of your operation. Need more information about one or more of the products listed above? Contact your GreenPlanet sales representative to learn more about increasing your ROI by investing in automated technology. 

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What Nutrients Do Plants Need During the Flowering Period?

In any indoor setting, plants require not only environmental cues but also distinct and specific nutrient supplementation to reach full potential. To produce flowering plants in an artificial environment, indoor growers will need to adjust the controls of their garden to start and continue the fruiting stages of a plants life cycle; this process typically involves a change of photoperiod light, a lower Kelvin spectrum growing lamp, and more mild ranges of temperature and humidity. 

While these changes in an environment are arguably the most important factor which determines a quick, bountiful and quality-driven harvest, experts agree that in these delicate moments of a plants life cycle, specific nutrient requirements, especially those which are higher in levels of phosphorus and potassium, and those which contains an array of starch enriching carbohydrates, are essential for cultivating a crop at its highest potential. To find out more about the nutrient requirements of plants in early, middle and late flower, read the passages below: 

General Nutrient Considerations

Plants in any environment need a vast array of elements to maintain established and new periods of vigorous growth. In total, there are 16 essential elements necessary for healthy and deficient-free plant growth. These elements are separated into two categories, macro and micronutrients, and are typically combined at an adequate rate within liquid, powdered or granular nutrient supplements called “base nutrients”. Base nutrients supplements are systems of fertilization that contain most of, or all of the essential elements necessary for plant health and stability. In short, plants can remain healthy throughout periods of growth and bloom if the essential elements for health are met with the supplementation of “base nutrient” systems. However, to elicit a crop’s most desirable output, other nutrients called “additives”, must be used with meticulous care in periods of early, middle and late flower.  

Nutrient Requirements During Flower

As mentioned above, there are 16 essential plant nutrients that are needed to maintain healthy patterns of growth. During the periods of early, late and middle flower, however, some of these elements, most notably phosphorus and potassium, are needed in greater quantities to help support the development of fully established and sugar-coated flowers. Follow the passages below for a look at bloom boosting supplements that can help your crop reach its full potential throughout all stages of the flowering period.

Early-Flower

Depending on the genetic characteristics of your crop, plants will typically begin to exhibit signs of budding 10-14 days after the initial setting of a 12-hour photoperiod. During this stage of early flower, gardeners will typically be able to make out a female plant’s elongated pistils, or maybe even the first formation of flower sites. To speed up this transition phase and to help encourage the formation of new, developing flower sites, gardeners can include a heavy phosphorus and potassium supplement into their established feeding routine. GreenPlanets’s PK Spike, for example, is an excellent source of clean and quality sourced phosphorus and potassium; and, if used in conjunction with a base nutrient regime, PK Spike can quickly increase root-mass, speed up the production of flower sites and strengthen a plant’s cell walls for the later support of heavy flowers. 

PK Spike provides flowering plants a boost of Phosphorus and Potassium to increase and support flower production.

Mid-Flower

The middle of the flowering stage is an extremely important period of growth for plants. At this stage, a plant’s metabolism has completely committed itself to the process of converting elements into energy which it then sends to the formation of large, developing flowers. With this process moving quickly along through weeks 3-5 of the flowering period, plants, while still needing adequate amounts of (N), (P) and (K), often become deficient in starches that are used in the conversion of elements into useable energy. To combat this issue and to assist your crop in producing its highest potential output, consider using a well-rounded and tested bloom booster that is accompanied by an array of simple sugars. Massive Bloom Formulation is a good example of a product that contains a solid blooming N-P-K of 1-2-3, as well as carbohydrates derived from yucca and molasses extract.

Massive Bloom Formulation is a great additive to help increase size, aroma, and flavour of flowers.

Late-Flower

Between the flowering weeks 5-7, your main bud sites and colas should have taken on their finishing shapes and size. However, what might be missing in the late stages of flower development is hardness, weight and density. If the environmental conditions of a garden are less than ideal, for example, if temperatures or humidity percentages reach inadequate levels for extended periods of time, mature flowers can begin to wilt, lose rigidity, and become soft or sponge-like. To increase late-flower hardiness, consider adding a high potassium supplement like GreenPlanet’s Dense to your existing feeding routine. Dense will assist in providing your plants with the potential to redirect energy at the cellular level, leading to increased tightness and weight in the final weeks before harvest. 

Dense gives your flowering plants a huge potassium-boost to help them produce heavier, denser flowers.

Whatever your style of garden, chances are, GreenPlanet Wholesale has the perfect equipment to get you started. To access the products available at GreenPlanet Wholesale, contact a member of the GreenPlanet sales team, or your local garden supply store for product information and purchasing inquiries. 

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What to Look for in a High-Quality LED Grow Light

Veteran growers understand that HPS, MH and CMH lights are the kings of the indoor garden. They offer growers heavy harvests, consistent production and reliable results. In short, HID lighting may always be a standard in the industry that other lighting manufactures must compete against. However, just because HID lighting has dominated the industry in the past, doesn’t mean all growers will continue to rely on older, less advanced lighting technology. LED technology has finally progressed to a point where it can compete directly with HID lighting. Not only can high-wattage LED’s compete directly with HID’s in terms of yield and quality output, but other benefits including energy savings, heat reduction, unique spectrum capabilities, controllability and manufacturer-backed warranties all contribute to the LED phenomena sweeping across the industry. 

Haze, LEDs vs HPS Grow Journal Picture,GrowWeedEasy.com

But what should you look for in a high-quality LED? Let’s take a look at some of the unique features of the LEDs available at GreenPlanet Wholesale. 

Energy Saving Capabilities

Energy savings means cost-effective growth. Unlike HID lighting, LED grow lights use only 30-40% of the power they output. New technologies are continually improving and figuring out new ways to become more efficient. This is the simplest truth about making the switch to LED lighting technology. 

Kind LED, Cost Savings Comparison, KindLEDGrowlights.com

Take Kind LED as an example. The Kind K5 XL1000 Wifi is a full spectrum LED, loaded with features like external command capabilities, unique UV diodes and a fully customizable spectrum. However, just like all other LEDs, Kind’s XL1000 has the potential for amazing energy savings. Because this LED has the equivalent output and intensity of two 600 watt HPS lights and only consumes around 30-40% of its wattage capacity, growers can save an average of $35 dollars a month at an energy cost of 0.13 kWh – that’s savings of over $400 a year! With these energy savings in mind, it’s easy to see why large-scale operators have quickly begun to swap their traditional lighting systems for more advanced LEDs. 

The Kind LED team presented the latest features of their K5 WIFI LED Grow Light at Lift Toronto. Check it out!

Heat Reduction

Compared to HID lights, high-quality LEDs are also extremely low heat. This benefit can mean savings on two fronts: first in the upfront cost of cooling and ventilation equipment, and later in the savings associated with power consumption. For example, a single HPS light requires hundreds of dollars in costs associated with ventilation – fans, ducting, digital monitors are all necessary for managing the heat-load produced by HIDs. This cost, however, can be easily avoided by powering your small garden with high-quality, low-heat LEDs. At scale, these savings are exponentially exaggerated, savings growers not only the upfront costs of buying and installing air conditioners but also the long-term costs associated with powering expensive cooling equipment.

Unique Spectrum Capabilities

A high-quality LED should also have full, or unique spectrum capabilities. A full spectrum LED, like the ThinkGrow LED Model-H, provides plants with a balanced spectrum of blue, yellow and red. It also comes with a control function, allowing gardeners to access unique deep reds in flower at the push of a button. The spectrum tuning feature of the Model-H allows growers to experiment with spectrum recipes for different crops and different stages. It can be achieved by the onboard dimming knob or external controllers.

Controllability 

Some of the best LED manufacturers include both internal and external control functions. The Model-I, for example, can be easily controlled by TrolMaster’s environment controller, the Hydro-X. Not only can this device externally control the spectrum and timing capabilities of individual lights, but it can also control the capabilities of lights at scale. For example, the Hydro-X controller can manage and operate up to 256 ThinkGrow LED fixtures per channel. 

Manufacturer Backed Warranties

The warranties offered by some of the leading manufacturers of LEDs prove that they understand and believe in both their product and their customers. Kind LED, one of the world’s largest producers of high-quality LEDs offers a 3-year limited warranty on their products. Kind LED grow light products are warrantied against defects in materials and/or workmanship for a period of three (3) years from the original date of purchase.  During this warranty period, Kind LED will either repair or replace any covered, defective product.  Within the first 90 days, Kind LED will incur all costs associated with the repair, or replacement, and return of the defective product. In short, these terms essentially guarantee a working LED fixture for a minimum of three years. Click here for more information on Kind LED’s Warranty Information. 

This is only a brief list of the benefits of investing in a high-quality LED. Want to learn more? Contact one of GreenPlanet Wholesale’s representatives, or your local garden supply store for more information on the products and benefits listed above. 

Works Cited

  • Haze, N. (2008). ViparSpectra LEDs vs HPS Grow Journal. Retrieved May 4th, 2021 from GrowWeedEasy.com
  • KindLED. (2020). LED Grow Lights: Cost Savings Comparison. Retrieved May 4th, 2021 from KindLEDGrowlights.com

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Terpenes, Genetics and the Entourage Effect

As the industry has advanced, talented gardeners have fine-tuned their skills to produce some of the most desired varieties of cannabis. Depending on the grower, the type of garden, and the skill possessed to produce a wide variety of genetics, the list of new, old, or challenging strains is essentially endless. There is massive variation in the types of cannabis plants people might want to cultivate; and, as any experienced gardener knows, these variations can result in a wide spectrum of products to satisfy any set of tastes, preferences, or medicinal concerns. However, among the most important variations that determine genetic quality, a wide, and desirable spectrum of terpenes is arguably the most relevant aspect of strain selection, cultivation and consumption. To learn more about terpenes, the entourage effect, and desirable genetics, follow the passages below: 

What are Terpenes?

Trichomes produce cannabinoids and terpenes in cannabis plants.

Terpenes are a class of hydrocarbons that exist in over 30,000 forms and typically occur naturally in perennial land plants. Even more numerous than terpenes are terpenoids – functional molecules that are modified by oxygen: fruiting or seeding plants use terpenoids to attract pollinators, defend against disease and deflect predators. Terpenoids have over 55,000 specific forms and usually produce powerful or pleasant odours in nature

We interact with terpenes and terpenoids in countless ways throughout our daily lives. In naturally occurring settings, like in fruit and food products, terpene and terpenoid profiles can be easily identified. Oranges and orange peels, for example, contain a wide variety of terpenoids like limonene, pinene and myrcene; these, among others, are largely responsible for the sweet-smelling oils and odours produced by oranges (Rodriguez et al, 2011, para. 11). Additionally, terpenes and terpenoids have been synthesized into household products, enhancing the taste and smell of perfumes, cosmetics, cleaning products and consumer goods like food and drink. 

Also found in Lemon Rind, Orange Rind and Juniper
Also found in Pine Needles, Rosemary and Basil
Also found in Thyme, Lemon Grass and Mango

A wide spectrum of terpenes can be found throughout the industry’s most popular genetics. However, much like naturally occurring fruit and flowers in our environment, terpenes can do more than just produce pleasant smells – they can also perpetuate feelings of well-being, promote energy, or induce relaxing medicinal properties. Read more to find out which terpene profiles are found in the industry’s most popular genetics!

Terpinolene

Typically producing sweet, sharp and piney floral notes, terpinolene is commonly found in sativa dominant strains like Dutch Treat, Jack Herer and Golden Pineapple. Terpinolene is often described as having a fresh, vibrant and warm scent, and occurs naturally in fruit and flora like lilies, lilacs, cumin, nutmeg and apples. Giving the user an uplifting and energetic wind, strains high in terpinolene are usually high in cannabinoids like THC and have a natural resistance to pests and predators.

Caryophyllene

Strains with dominant terpenes like caryophyllene immerse its audience with high-profile scents of pepper, cloves and woody spice. Other flowers and seed pods, like hops or star anise, carry a high concentration of caryophyllene; in cannabis, however, strains like Purple Punch or Pineapple Express are among the most popular with high levels of caryophyllene. You can expect relaxing, calming, body-numbing effects or stress-release from strains with this terpenoid profile. 

Pinene

Common in strains like Skywalker, Critical Mass and Blue Dream, pinene is a terpene profile favourited by growers in the Pacific Northwest. Smelling of basil, dill, pine needles and tree sap, pinene is one of the most common terpenoid products in the world and is useful for relieving pain and promoting anti-inflammatory agents. 

Ocimene

Ocimene is a terpene responsible for promoting sweet, herbaceous and floral scents in many popular strains of cannabis, and also has a high concentration in flora and food such as honey, parsley, orchids and mint. Because of its almost soapy sweetness, ocimene is used in high levels in the production of cosmetics and perfume, but can also be found in fragrant strains like Strawberry Cough, Space Queen and Sour Diesel. 

Myrcene

Another common terpenoid, myrcene is abundantly found in products like lemongrass, thyme and cardamom. It is also noted as being one of the most desirable terpenoid profiles, not only in its ability to promote sedation, anti-anxiety and pain relief but also in myrcene’s scent, which overwhelms receptions with notes of musky earth, leather, peat and sweet oak. Common myrcene strains include OG Kush, Grape Ape and Granddaddy Purple. 

Terpenes and the Entourage-Effect 

The entourage effect is a theory that describes the synergistic effect of THC, flavonoids, cannabinoids and terpenes contributing to the overall “experience” of cannabis consumption (Russo, 2019, para. 17). While most growers focus on cannabinoids like THC and CBD to determine the success of a garden, the presence of terpenes in flowers is also a major contributor that determines a crop’s desired effect. For example, growers and consumers alike may select specific strains, not just for characteristics, cannabinoid ratios, and output, but also on the distinct and specific terpenoid profile they possess.

Purple Punch

Strain Profile Example for Purple Punch:

  • THC – Aids Sleep, Relaxation, Pain and Inflammation
  • Myrcene – Aids Sleep and Relaxation
  • Caryophyllene – Aids Pain and Inflammation
  • Pinene – Aids Pain, Inflammation and Anxiety

Many of the terpenes that we have discussed above have medicinal properties; for example, myrcene, a terpenoid that is known for its ability to relax or mildly sedate an individual has been used for centuries in teas, oils and salves to promote relaxation and overall well-being. Lemongrass, for instance, is a plant with high levels of myrcene and has continually been used in eastern medicine as a way to relieve stomach cramps, aches, pains and fevers. Knowing that some of the industry’s most popular strains possess the same therapeutic terpenoids, it’s easy to understand why growers flock to a certain set of desired genetics. 

True Blue Terpenes allow you to add birthday cake flavour to your extractions!
If you are looking for something more fruity, try blueberry!
Want a particular cannabis flavour for you extractions? look no further that True Blue’s strain profiles!

Enhance Your Terpenes

Adding certain flowering additives to your nutrient regime can enhance the natural processes within flowering plants that these flavours and aromas. For example, if you are growing a strain with a dominant terpinolene terpene profile, then certain supplements can help bring out the fresh, floral notes during flower. GreenPlanet Nutrients Rezin and Rhizoflora Terpinator improve the terpenoid profile of a strain to deliver an unmatched final product.

Want to access some of the best-synthesized terpenes on the market? Talk to your GreenPlanet representative about our entire list of True Blue products and terpene enhancing additives! For all other inquiries, contact a member of the GreenPlanet sales team, or your local garden supply store for product information and purchasing inquiries. 

Works Cited

  • Rodríguez, A. (2011). Terpene down-regulation in orange reveals the role of fruit aromas in mediating interactions with insect herbivores and pathogens. Plant Physiology, 793–802. Retrieved February 8th, 2021 from US National Library of Medicine. 
  • Russo, E. (2019). The case for the entourage effect and conventional breeding of clinical cannabis: No “strain,” no gain. Frontiers in Plant Science. Retrieved February 8th, 2020 from US National Library of Medicine.

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